100 tokoh dunia paling berpengaruh(michael hart)

100 Tokoh Dunia Paling Berpengaruh Versi Michael H. Hart MICHAEL H. HART adalah seorang keturunan Yahudi yang menuliskan buku berjudul “The 100“, pada tahun 1978. Buku tersebut memuat 100 tokoh yang memiliki pengaruh terkuat dalam sejarah manusia. Bukunya secara hangat diperdebatkan, konsep bukunya secara luas ditiru. Penting untuk dicatat bahwa Hart tidak memasukkan orang terbesar. Kriterianya ialah orang yang berpengaruh. Buku ini dicetak kembali pada 1992 dengan beberapa revisi nyata terhadap daftar urutan 100 dan pangkat luar biasa mereka. Terutama di antara revisi itu ialah penurunan pangkat tokoh komunis seperti Lenin dan Joseph Stalin, dan pengenalan Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev. Edisi ini juga memuat Edward de Vere menggantikan William Shakespeare. Hart menggantikan Niels Henrik David Bohr dan Antoine Henri Becquerel dengan ErnestRutherford, juga membetulkan kesalahan dalam edisi pertama. Henry Ford juga dimasukkan di sini dari yang sekedar “Tokoh-tokoh Terhormat”, menggantikan Pablo Picasso. Akhirnya , urutan itu ditata kembali. 100 Tokoh menurut Michael H. Hart – Berdasarkan Peringkat dan Pengaruhnya 1. Nabi Muhammad: Penyebar agama Islam, penguasa Arabia, mempunyai karir politik dan keagamaan yang luar biasa, namun tetap seimbang dan serasi, mengakibatkan Nabi Muhammad memiliki banyak pengikut, dan juga menjadi panutan seluruh masyarakat dunia hingga saat ini. 2. Isaac Newton: Fisikawan, pencetus Teori Gravitasi umum, Hukum gerak 3. Yesus / Nabi Isa: Isa Al Masih Kristen 4. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha): Pendiri agama Buddha 5. Kong Hu Cu: Pendiri agama Kong Hu Cu 6. Santo Paulus: Penyebar ajaran Kristen 7. Ts’ai Lun: Penemu kertas 8. Johann Gutenberg: Mengembangkan mesin cetak, mencetak Alkitab 9. Christopher Columbus: Penjelajah, memimpin orang-orang Eropa ke Amerika 10. Albert Einstein: Fisikawan, penemu Teori Relativitas 11. Louis Pasteur: Ilmuwan, penemu Pasteurisasi 12. Galileo Galilei: Astronom, secara akurat mengemukakan teori Heliosentris 13. Aristoteles: Filsuf Yunani yang berpengaruh 14. Euclides: Matematikawan, membuktikan tentang Geometri 15. Nabi Musa: Nabi terbesar Yahudi 16. Charles Robert Darwin: Biologis, mendeskripsikan teori Evolusi 17. Kaisar Qin Shi Huang: Kaisar Tiongkok 18. Augustus Caesar (Kaisar Agustus): Kaisar pertama [Kekaisaran Romawi] 19. Nicolaus Copernicus: Astronom, salah satu tokoh Teori Heliosentris 20. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier: Bapak Kimia modern , Filsuf dan Ekonom 21. Constantine yang Agung: Kaisar Romawi yang menjadikan agama Kristen sebagai agama resmi negara 22. James Watt: Mengembangkan Mesin uap 23. Michael Faraday: Fisikawan, Kimiawan, menemukan Induksi Elektromagnetik 24. James Clerk Maxwell: Fisikawan, penemu Spektrum Elektromagnetik 25. Martin Luther: Pendiri agama Protestan dan aliran Lutheran 26. George Washington: Presiden pertama Amerika Serikat 27. Karl Heinrich Marx: Bapak Komunisme 28. Orville Wright dan Wilbur Wright: Penemu Pesawat terbang 29. Genghis Khan: Penakluk dari bangsa Mongol 30. Adam Smith: Ekonom, pelopor Kapitalisme 31. Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford: Kemungkinan menulis karya yang berkaitan dengan William Shakespeare 32. John Dalton: Kimiawan, Fisikawan, penemu Teori Atom, Hukum Tekanan Parsial (Hukum Dalton) 33. Alexander yang Agung / Iskandar Zulkarnain: Penakluk dari Makedonia 34. Kaisar Napoleon Bonaparte: Penakluk dari bangsa Perancis 35. Thomas Alva Edison: Penemu bola lampu dan Fonograf, dll. 36. Antony van Leeuwenhoek: Ahli Mikroskop, mempelajari kehidupan mikroskopis 37. William Thomas Green Morton: Pelopor Anestesiologi 38. Guglielmo Marconi: Penemu Radio 39. Adolf Hitler: Penakluk, memimpin Blok Poros dalam Perang Dunia II 40. Plato: Filsuf Yunani 41. Oliver Cromwell: Politikus Inggris dan pemimpin militer 42. Alexander Graham Bell: Salah seorang penemu Telepon 43. Alexander Fleming: Penemu Penisilin, memajukan Bakteriologi, Imunologi dan Kemoterapi 44. John Locke: Filsuf dan Teolog liberal 45. Ludwig van Beethove: Komponis musik klasik 46. Werner Karl Heisenberg: Pencetus Prinsip Ketidakpastian 47. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre: Penemu/pelopor Fotografi 48. Simon Bolivar: Pahlawan nasional dari Venezuela, Kolombia, Ekuador, Peru, dan Bolivia 49. René Descartes: Filsuf Rasionalis dan matematikawan 50. Umar bin al-Khattab: Khalifah Ar- Rasyidin kedua, memperluas Daulah Khilafah Islamiyah. Penerus cita-cita Nabi Muhammad SAW. 51. Paus Urbanus II: Penyeru Perang Salib 52. Michelangelo Buonarroti: Pelukis, pematung, arsitek 53. Asoka: Raja India yang masuk dan mengembangkan agama Buddha 54. Santo Augustinus: Teolog Kristen awal 55. William Harvey: Penemu sirkulasi darah 56. Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson: Fisikawan 57. John Calvin: Tokoh Reformasi Gereja, pendiri Calvinisme 58. Gregor Johann Mendel: Penemu teori genetika 59. Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck: Fisikawan, mengemukakan Termodinamika 60. Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister: Pelaku penemuan Antiseptik yang secara besar mengurangi kematianakibat pembedahan 61. Nikolaus August Otto: Penemu mesin pembakaran 4 tak 62. Francisco Pizarro: Penakluk dari bangsa Spanyol yang menaklukkan Kerajaan Inka di Amerika Selatan 63. Hernando Cortes: Penakluk dari bangsa Spanyol yang menaklukkan Meksiko 64. Thomas Jefferson: Presiden ketiga AS 65. Ratu Isabella I: Penguasa Spanyol, penyokong Cristopher Colombus 66. Joseph Stalin ([[Joseph Vissarionovich Dzugashvili]: Tokoh revolusioner dan penguasa Uni Soviet 67. Julius Caesar: Penguasa Roma 68. Raja William I sang Penakluk: Meletakkan pembangunan Inggris modern 69. Sigmund Freud: Pendiri sekolah Freud untuk psikologi, ahli psikoanalisis 70. Edward Jenner: Penemu vaksin cacar 71. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen: Penemu sinar X 72. Johann Sebastian Bach: Komponis 73. Lao Tzu: Pendiri Taoisme 74. Voltaire: Penulis dan filsuf 75. Johannes Kepler: Astronom penemu Hukum Kepler tentang pergerakan planet 76. Enrico Fermi: Salah satu tokoh abad atom, Bapak Bom Atom 77. Leonhard Euler: Fisikawan, matematikawan penemu Kalkulus Diferensial dan Integral serta Aljabar 78. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Filsuf dan pengarang Prancis 79. Niccolò Machiavelli: Penulis Sang Pangeran (risalat politik yang berpengaruh) 80. Thomas Robert Malthus: Ekonom penulis Esai Prinsip Populasi dalam Pengaruhnya pada Kemajuan Masa Depan pada Masyarakat 81. John Fitzgerald Kennedy: Presiden AS yang mendirikan “Program Luar Angkasa Apollo” 82. Gregory Goodwin Pincus: Endokrinolog, menemukan pil KB 83. Mani (en): Nabi Iran abad ke-3, Pendiri Manicheanisme 84. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov): Tokoh revolusioner dan pemimpin Rusia 85. Kaisar Sui Wen: Menyatukan Tiongkok, pendiri Dinasti Sui 86. Vasco da Gama: Navigator, penemu rute pelayaran Eropa ke India 87. Raja Cyrus yang Agung: Pendiri kekaisaran Persia 88. Tsar Peter yang Agung: Mendekatkan Rusia kepada Eropa 89. Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung): Bapak Maoisme, komunisme Tiongkok 90. Sir Francis Bacon: Filsuf, menggambarkan secara induktif metode ilmiah 91. Henry Ford: Pembuat mobil model T 92. Meng Tse: Filsuf, pendiri sekolah Konfusianisme 93. Zarathustra (Zoroaster): Pendiri Zoroastrianisme 94. Ratu Elizabeth I: Ratu Inggris, memperbaiki Gereja Inggris setelah Ratu Mary 95. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev: Perdana Menteri Rusia yang mengakhiri Komunisme di Uni Soviet dan Eropa Timur 96. Raja Menes: Menyatukan Mesir Atas dan Mesir Bawah 97. Kaisar Charlemagne: Kaisar Romawi Suci 98. Homer: Penyair epik 99. Kaisar Justinianus I: Kaisar Romawi, menaklukkan kembali kekaisaran Mediterania 00. Mahavira: Pendiri Jainisme waahhh nabi Muhammad nomer 1 ya??

TOBA LAKE

Once upon a time, there was a young man named Toba. He lived alone and had no wife. He decided being single and didn’t get married, although his age was mature enough to a family.

He had a narrow farm and a small hut not far from a lake. If the day was getting dark, he would go to the lake for fishing. He liked fishing and he could do this activity until night has come.

One day, after worked on his small farm, he decided to go fishing. He wanted to look for some fish for his dinner. He waited for a long time, but his hook didn’t catch any fish. He waited and waited patiently.

Suddenly, his fish bait made some movement. He was sure he would get a fish for his dinner. And that was true, a pretty big fish stuck on his bait. He took the fish and then put it on a fish basket. Then, he went home.
He was so happy to get a fish for his dinner. He imagined that his dinner tonight would be nice because the fish was pretty big and fresh.

Arriving at home, he put his fish basket beside the fire place. And then, he set fire of the fire place. But, he realized that he forgot to look for some woods for his fire place. Without the woods, of course he couldn’t cook the fish for his dinner.

He went out to look for some woods. He left the fish in the kitchen. He didn’t worry about the fish because he was sure that the fish was safe in the place.

After getting some woods, he went back home, but, he was to surprised as the fish basket was empty. The fish was gone, he just found some scales which in the form of gold pieces. Toba was confused. He convinced himself that the gold pieces he hold was the scales of the fish he caught this afternoon.

He stepped to his room. But, again he was shocked as he saw a beautiful girl with long hair in his room. The girl sat in toba’s bed. Toba didn’t make any movement. He was so shock and wondered who the girl was.

Suddenly the girl turn her head and looked at toba. Toba was so amazed with the girl’s beauty. He looked at the girl and admired her beauty. For some moments, they looked each other. Was that a possibility that this beautiful girl is an angel? toba thought.

Toba was so speechless and couldn’t say anything. For breaking the ice, the girl said something. She approached toba and said.

“Hi, toba. It was getting dark, could you turn on the lamp” the girl asked.

“Ooo… hhhiii… Alright, I will turn the lamp on,” Toba said, his body was trmebled because of fear.

“Don’t be afraid, Toba. I will not hurt you,” said the girl.

“But, who are you ? are you kind of genie or something ?”

The girl smiled and said.

“I am the incarnation of the fish you caught this afternoon,” the girl answered.

“Really, Oh.. God. Is that true?” toba was so surprised.

“Yes, but you don’t have to be afraid. I will help you to do some house hold activity. I will cook for you and prepare your daily meal, ” the girl offered.

Toba was so happy to hear that.

“By the way, the gold pieces is my scales,” the girl said.

“Ooo.. well.. that’s why I didn’t found my fish in the basket,” toba said.

And then the girl went to the kitchen and cooked dinner for toba.

Everyday toba was accompanied by the girl. Toba was happy for that. Until one day, he asked the girl to get married. But, the girl gave a requiretmen.

“I am agree to be your wife, but don’t ever tell my secret, my condition that I was a fish,” said the girl.

Toba agreed the girl’s requiretmen. And then they got married. Toba was happy to have such a beautiful wife. They lived happily because they loved each other.

Years gone by. Toba’s wife was pregnant and then not so long after that she gave birth. Toba was so happy. The baby was a boy. Named Samosir. They took care their only child. They showered the boy with love. It seemed that they were happy family.

7 years later

The mother spoiled the boy too much. No wonder, samosir became spoiled child. He didn’t want to help his father to work on farm. He only stayed at home doing nothing. He was a very lazy boy.

One day the mother asked samosir to bring lunch for his father who worked in a farm. Usually the mother did his job. But, because she was very busy, she didn’t have time to bring the lunch for his husband.

“Samosir my dear, please take this lunch for your father in the farm. He must be very hungry now. I can’t bring it for him, there is something else I want to do!” asked the mother.

“No, I can’t!” samosir refused.

“Why, don’t you want ho help me?” asked the mother.

“I want to play with my frieds, mother!” said samosir.

Mother was angry to hear this. She was so upset and threatened samosir if he didn’t do what she’s asked. She wouldn’t give samosir lunch.

Because of his mother’s anger, he felt forced to do what his mother’s request.

“All right, mom. I will bring it to my father,” samosir said. Samosir went to his father’s farm. But he grumbled continuosly as she wanted to play with his friends.

On the way to his father’s farm, he ate the lunch little by little. He felt hungry, too. Because of this, there’s just a little lunch left. Meanwhile, the day was getting hot. Toba decided to rest under the tree. He felt thirsty and hungry. He asked himself why his wife didn’t bring lunch for him.

Waiting in a hungry was such a terrible thing for Toba. He got angry that time. Finally he saw somebody in a distance. He hoped the somebody was his wife who brought lunch for him.

But, he was surprised to see samosir, his son, who came to the farm.

“What do you do here, my son. Where is your mother? Why she didn’t bring my lunch?” Toba said angrily.

“Mother is busy to do other things. So, she asked me to bring this lunch for you” said Samosir while gave the lunch to his father.

Toba took the lunch quickly as he couldn’t bear his hunger anymore. But, when he saw the lunch box, he was surprised. The lunch was no more left.

“What? Where is the lunch ? Why this box is empty ?” Toba said angrily.

“I am sorry, father. On the way here, I ate your lunch little by little. I am so hungry.” Samosir answered with anxiety.

“You’re really a bad boy. Why are you doing this ? I am really hungry, you know ? ” Toba snapped at Samosir.

“I am sorry, dad. I am really sorry for that!” Samosir said apologize.

“You are rebellious child. You are lazy, useless!!!” Toba got angry.

He felt really upset whit his son. And, suddenly he said something rude that actually was forbidden.

“Your manner is like a little animal. It is because your mother spoiled you. You are so naughty. Well, it is because your mother is a fish. So you are like her. Go away from here” Toba didn’t realize that what he said was so rude. He was forbidden to tell about Samosir’s mother’s origin.

Samosir was so sad to hear what his father’s said. He was badly hurt. He cried continuosly. His mother asked why Samosir cried. Samosir said that his father was angry to him. It’s because he ate his father’s lunch. Samosir also told what his father had said to him.
“Father said that I was a little animal because I didn’t obey his advice and he also said that mother is a fish.”
Samosir said this to his mother.

“What ??? How excessive he is! He was not supposed to tell that to you. You are his son. I will tell him.” The beautiful girl was so angry.

“Why he’s so rude to his own child. He promised that he wouldn’t tell my origin. Why he did this to me.” The beautiful girl said sadly.

“Calm down, Samosir. Don’t cry anymore. Now, all you have to do is climb the highest tree and stay there. There will be a huge flood and this velley will be sink and disappear. There will be great disaster here,” the beautiful girl said.

“Really, mother ! How do you know ?” Samosir asked.

“Well, you must obey my advice without complaining ” the beautiful girl told his son.

After that, Samosir went away and climbed the highest tree in the village. He stayed there, obeyed his mother’s instruction. He still didn’t know why his mother told him to do this. He just waited what happened next.

The beautiful girl was really sad. He thought that Toba didn’t love her anymore. Toba was changed. He broke his promise to her. So, the girl thought there was no use she lived. She decided to do suicide by jumping to a lake.

Suddenly, the sky was getting dark upon the valley. Not so long after that, the rain poured the earth. It was a huge rain. The thunder and the lightning were so scary.

The rain was so heavy and make a huge flood. The valley was like a sea. Just as the girl said, there was a great disaster in that village.

Meanwhile, Toba, who was still in his farm shocked with this disaster. He couldn’t save himself. He was drown by the flood and finally died.

And, the spoiled child, Samosir, although he climbed the highest tree, he still couldn’t save himself from this great disaster. He died as his parents. His body was floating. And then baceme small island which now was called Samosir Island.

And, the village was sink and became a huge lake. This lake was named as Toba’s name, that is Lake Toba.

Lake toba is located in North Sumatra.